Lock nut



FelmZO, 1940. MKASS 1 2,191,201

LOCK NUT Filed March 1, 1938 Patented Feb. 20, 1940 v N STATE f lLocxNU'r Samuel M. Kass, Philadelphia, Pa I Application March 1, 1938, SerialNo'. 193,230

The present inventlonrrelates to a. composite nut-'sa safetynut Ior useon a standard or usual bolt or the like andadapted to lock to the bolt whereverset. =11: i u r A purpose ot theinvention is to locate cooperating grooves upon the opposing faces respectively presented by the inner end of an internally threadedjam or clamp ring and the header an lnternally and externally threaded split shank M nounting the ring and radially constricted by the ring, locating thelgrooves of the jam orsclamp ring for registry selectively with the .groovesof the head to receiveapin to lock the ring from angular movement with respect to the head. it A further purpose is to secure adaptation to close angular adjustment of the lock positions of a Jam or clamp ring with respectto a-headed internally. threaded split shank constricted by and mountingthering; my furtherpurpose is to provide registry lock grooves upon the opposing faces of an internally threaded jam or clamp ring and the head of an internally and externally threaded split shank mounting and constrictd by thering, with M a plurality of f uniformly angularly spaced grooves on each surface and one more groove on one surface than on the other, locating the grooves on one face to register selectively with the grooves of the opposing face, and thus d1- ;m viding the angular spacing of lock positions somewhat in Vernier fashion by the product or the numbers of grooves in the two faces, as adapting the grooves to present registry every 12 degrees (360-:-6 5) if one face is provided with Sand the other with grooves.

A further purpose is to provide for an easy removal of a jam or clamp nut from an internally and externally threaded member carrying the Jam or clamp nut. v 4) A further purpose is to provide an internally threaded member having an internally threaded shank with a jam or clamp nut externally threading and radially constrictingtheshank preferably externally threading right or letter:- if; cording as the threading internally is left or right respectively, i

A further purpose is preferably to internally thread reve'rsely the split and unsplit portions of an internally and externally threaded shank 50 of a headed internal member of a composite nut,

in use threading the unsplit portionoi the headed member to position upon a correspondingly threaded bolt and then constricting the reverse thread of. the split portion intothe bolt thread ll by means of an external jam nut.

but partially tion. it

scams. (or 1519-19) Further purposes will appear in the specification and in the claims.

- -I have-elected to show one main form only of my invention, andselectnig a main form thereof that is practical and efficient in opera- 5 tion and which well illustrates theprinciples involved. r w i .Flgure 1 :is a side elevation intended to illustrate conventionally structure embodying the present invention.

Figures 2 and 3 are respectively a partially sectioned elevation and a sectional elevation of respectively difierent members shown assembled in Figure 11. Figure 2 illustrating also a preferred reversed internal threading of the split and unsplit portions of a member intended to be illustrated conventionally in Figure l with or without this feature.

m Figure .4 is a right end elevation as indicated by line 4-4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is e. left end elevation as indicated by line 5-5 of Figure 3. I

Figure 61s a top plan view similar to Figure 1,

sectioned and showing a modifica- Like numerals refer to like parts in all figures. Describing in illustration and not in limitation and referring to the drawing: v In Figure 1 mycomposite safety nut for use on any bolt 9 comprises broadly a headed tubular 0 member In adapted to thread on the bolt and a Jam or clamp ring llthreaded on the shank I2 01 themember ID, to radially constrictthe internally and externally threaded shank, clamping it inwardly uponthethread 13 of thebolt.

As shown the shank I2 is suitably split or sawcut at H from itsouter end toward the head I5 01 the member l0 and the ring and shank are respectively internally and externally coned at inner nut member ID.

Preferably the members I0 and H are so dimensioned that the main progressive clamping constriction of the split portions of the shank 5 upon the bolt; I 3 takes place after the opposing annular faces l8 and I9 oi. the nut and clamp members while apart areyetsufilcientlynear together for relatively angularly locking the members at these opposing faces when in their final o clamping positionami important features of my present invention are directed to this ultimate relative locking of the members in their final clamping position.

I' provide in each of the opposing faces l8 and u l9 one or more key grooves 2| and 20 respectively members be selectively registered with the grooves of the other face, and cooperate with such groove to receive a removable lock pin 23, this pin removably locking the members from further relaher, it will be understood that on tightening the tive angular movement.

As illustrated in Figures'5 and 6 I have provided the surfaces l8 and M respectively with six and five grooves-20', 20:, 201,204, 205 and 206 on the surface I9 and 2|, 2h, 2|a, 2|4 and 2|5 on the surface I8.

On each surface the grooves are intended to be spaced substantially uniformly about the axis 22 and by having one more groove in one face than in the other I am enabled to present six times five or thirty uniformly spaced lock positions-that is positions at which some one of the grooves on the face l8 will register with some one of thegrooves on the face It. Thus referring to Figures 5 and 6, with the parts in r the grooves 20* and 2|, register with one another to receive the pin 23 and by successive 12 degree angular shifts ten grooves 20: and 2h, 20; and 2|a,'204 and M4 and 205 and 2|5 are successively in registry, thus providing five lock positions in a total relative angular movement of but forty-eight degrees.

Another desirable feature of my invention secures an adaptation to easily loosen the clamp ring when desired and with a single wrench rather than sometimes having to use two wrenches.

This easy loosening of the unlocked clamp ring I secure by having the thread connection between the outer clamping ring II and the inner nut member H) in opposite direction to that between the nut member l0 and the bolt S -thus in that the bolts I3 with which my safety nuts are to be used as usually with right 'threads requiring a corresponding right thread inside the nut member I0 I usually prefer a left'thread between the clamp ring II and the shank |2 of the nut member l2.

In operation the composite nut member III, with the clamp ring far enough out from the head l5 of the nut member to avoid clamping, is screwed home in the usual way on the projecting end of the inserted bolt, the clamp ring II is then tightened, clamping the split shank sections down upon the bolt and tightened to an extent that brings some oneof'the lock grooves 20 of the clamp ring into registry with some one of the lock grooves 2| of the nut member Ill, and the key 23 is then inserted securing theclamp ring in its set position.

Assuming. right thread bolt nd left thread connection between the clamp ri g and nut memleft threaded clamp ring there will be a tendency for the nut member to loosen but such loosening does not take place because of the combined friction at the inner engagement face 24 of the nut, and between the nut and bolt along the threadthis last friction being greatly increased by the. clamping action of the clamp ring.

The need forleft threading ofthe clamp ring upon the right threaded nut incident to the tendency for threaded connection between the clamp ring after long standing to stick so strongly that the two members unthread from the bolt as a unit-untbreading with diiliculty and leaving a unit unfit for reuse, while with reverse threads upon the bolt l3 and shank |2 such sticking is impossible-the ring loosening while nut tends to tighten-the thread clearing and the unit at once in shape for reuse..

As illustrated in Figure 2 I usually prefer to v internallythread the split portion of the member In in opposite direction to the internal threading of the unsplit bodyleft handthread for example at 25 if the internal thread at26 of the unsplit body is to, be right handto thread upon-the right hand thread of a bolt.

This opposite threading of the split and unsplit portions of the member ID is best accomplished by tapping the right-hand thread 26 prior to saw-cutting (splitting) at M-tapping right-hand from the shank end-then saw-cutting (splitting) at H, and flaring the split'portion, tapping right-hand from the head end of the member I 0 throughout the entire length, including the left-hand threaded part of the split and flared end, insofar as this left threaded part projects into the normal path of the bolt.

when the left-hand thread of the flared end of Figure 2 is forced down against the right-handthread'of the bolt, the left threads diagonally of pressure at the individual crossing points" rather than over an entire large surface with correspondingly greater effectiveness.

The operation isas already described but the opposite threadings at 25 and 26 provide for an easier and more perfect lock between the thread of the bolt and the internal threading at 25 of the member l0.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art, to obtain part or all of the benefits of my invention without copying the. structure shown, and I, thereforeg claimall such in so far as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of myinvention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as newand desire to secure'by Letters Patent is: 7 9

l. A composite nut comprising an internally threaded body having a non-circular head and an'externally threaded tubular shank therefrom tapered at the endsplit toward thevhead from its tapered end and a clamp ring threading over the split shank and adapted to engage the taper portion thereof in being screwed toward the head with a progressive radial constriction of the shank from its split end and the direction of thread between the clamp ring and shank opposite to that inside thebody.

2. A composite nut comprising an internally from the tapered end and a clamp ring thread- 'ingover the split'shank and adapted in being screwed toward the head with a progressive radial constriction of the shank from its split end and the direction of internal thread of the body being in relatively reverse directions along the split and unsplit-portions of the body, and

when the clamp ring is in release the split portion of the shank flaring toward the shank end.

3. A oompositenut comprising an internally threaded body havinga non-circular head and an externally threaded tubular shank therefrom, tapered at the end and split toward the head irom the tapered end and a clamp ring threading over the split shank and adapted in being screwed toward the head with a progressive radial constriction of the shank from its split end and the direction 01 internal thread oi the body being in relatively reverse directions along the split and unsplit portions of the body, the thread between the clamp ring and shank reverse to that inside the unspllt portion 01' the body and when the clamp ring is in release the split portion or the shank flaring toward the shank end.

4. A composite nut comprising an in threaded body having a non-circular head and an axially split tapered end, the interior of the end being flared, threaded through the flared part adjacent the body in the same direction as the internal threading oi the body and threaded in the interior of the part of the flare farther from the body opposite to the threading in the interior or the body, threaded also upon the outside of the body, the threading upon the outside of the body being opposite to the direction of the threading in the interior of the body. in combination with a second nut adapted to thread upon the outside of the body and engaged to compress the split tapered portion of the first nut.

SAMUEL M. KASS. 

